S.S.P. Parkin, R.F. Marks, et al.
Physical Review B
Depth profiles of the magnetization of sputtered films of Fe 3O4 and its oxidized form, γ-Fe2O 3, were obtained by the new polarized neutron reflection technique. We find that the magnetization of Fe3O4 is constant throughout the thickness (2600 Å) of the film except for a surface region about 25 Å deep corresponding to the surface roughness. In contrast the oxidized sample shows a magnetically dead layer ∼150 Å thick at the surface. X-ray and transmission electron microscopy studies give no evidence that the surface layers differ structurally from the bulk of the film, although there is the possibility of a highly defective surface region formed during the oxidation process.
S.S.P. Parkin, R.F. Marks, et al.
Physical Review B
R. Rajaram, A. Ney, et al.
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures
S.S.P. Parkin, R.F.C. Farrow, et al.
Physical Review Letters
H.T. Hardner, M.B. Weissman, et al.
Journal of Applied Physics