D. Aaron R. Barkhouse, Oki Gunawan, et al.
Progress in Photovoltaics
We examined the 4 K photoluminescence spectra of over a dozen Cu 2ZnSnS4 films and eight devices. We show that samples deficient in zinc show on average a higher quasi donor-acceptor pair (QDAP) density. However, the QDAP density in samples with the same metal composition also varies widely. Devices prepared with similar metal compositions show different open-circuit voltages and fill factors. These metrics are correlated with the concentration of QDAPs in the absorbers. One additional device with insufficient zinc showed the empirically observed low-efficiency expected for this composition. This sample also showed the highest quasi donor-acceptor pair density of all the devices measured. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
D. Aaron R. Barkhouse, Oki Gunawan, et al.
Progress in Photovoltaics
S. Kim, John A. Ott, et al.
IEDM 2019
Tayfun Gokmen, Murat Onen, et al.
Frontiers in Neuroscience
Y. Li, S. Kim, et al.
VLSI Technology 2018