Graphics and Visualization (discontinued)     

links

Graphics and Visualization (discontinued) Publications

2014

2013

2012

2011

SolarMap: Multifaceted Visual Analytics for Topic Exploration
N Cao, D Gotz, J Sun, Y R Lin, H Qu
ICDM, 2011

DICON: Interactive Visual Analysis of Multidimensional Clusters
N Cao, D Gotz, J Sun, H Qu
Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on 17(12), 2581--2590, IEEE, 2011

Analytic Trails: Supporting Provenance, Collaboration, and Reuse for Visual Data Analysis by Business Users
J. Liu, Z. Wen, S. Pan, J. Lai
Interact 2011

Information at your fingertips: contextual IR in enterprise email
J. Lu, S. Pan, J. Lai, Z. Wen
IUI 2011

Large-scale vehicle detection in challenging urban surveillance environments
Rogerio Feris, James Petterson, Behjat Siddiquie, Lisa Brown, Sharath Pankanti
IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), pp. 527--533, 2011

Challenges and results in city-scale sensing
L Amini, E Bouillet, F Calabrese, L Gasparini, O Verscheure
Sensors, 2011 IEEE, pp. 59--61

Analysis, Indexing and Visualization of Presentation Videos
Michele Merler, John R. Kender
ACM Multimedia Doctoral Symposium, pp. 871, 2011

Selecting the Best Faces to Index Presentation Videos
Michele Merler and John Kender
ACM Multimedia, pp. 1461 - 1464, 2011

Exploring display techniques for mobile collaborative learning in developing regions
Mohit Jain, Jeremy Birnholtz, Edward Cutrell, Ravin Balakrishnan
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, pp. 81--90, 2011

Computer method and apparatus for graphical inquiry specification with progressive summary
S.I. Ross, N.R. Sastry, D.M. Gruen, S.C. Hupfer, J.F. Patterson, J.E. Christensen, S.E. Levy, others
US Patent 7,877,367

A conceptual framework and taxonomy of techniques for analyzing movement
Gennady Andrienko, Nathaliya Andrienko, Peter Bak, Daniel Keim, Slava Kisilevich, Stefan Wrobel
Journal of Visual Languages \& Computing 22(3), 213--232, Academic Press, 2011

Flowstrates: An Approach for Visual Exploration of Temporal Origin-Destination Data
Ilya Boyandin, Enrico Bertini, Peter Bak, Denis Lalanne
Computer Graphics Forum, pp. 971--980, Wiley Online Library, 2011

Exploration through enrichment: a visual analytics approach for animal movement
David Spretke, Peter Bak, Halldor Janetzko, Bart Kranstauber, Florian Mansmann, Sarah Davidson
Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, pp. 421--424, 2011

Visual Interface and Control Modality: An Experiment About Fast Photo Browsing on Mobile Devices
S. Harada, T. Hsieh, A. Paepcke, Q.Y. Wang
IFIP Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 3585(3585), 240--252, Springer, 2011

Practical Computer Vision: Example Techniques and Challenges
S. Pankanti, L. Brown, J. Connell, A. Datta, Q. Fan, R. Feris, N. Haas, Y. Li, N. Ratha, H. Trinh
IBM Journal of Research and Development Centennial Issue 55(5), 2011

Visual Cluster Analysis in Support of Clinical Decision Intelligence
D. Gotz, J. Sun, N. Cao, S. Ebadollahi
AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, pp. 481, 2011

Shape-based versus sketch-based UI prototyping: a comparative study
V.C.V.B. Segura, S.D.J. Barbosa
Proceedings of the 10th Brazilian Symposium on on Human Factors in Computing Systems and the 5th Latin American Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 162--166, 2011

CollabSeer: a search engine for collaboration discovery
H.H. Chen, L. Gou, X. Zhang, C.L. Giles
Proceedings of the 11th annual international ACM/IEEE joint conference on Digital libraries, pp. 231--240, 2011

SFViz: interest-based friends exploration and recommendation in social networks
L. Gou, F. You, J. Guo, L. Wu, X.L. Zhang
Proceedings of the 2011 Visual Information Communication-International Symposium, pp. 15

TreeNetViz: Revealing Patterns of Networks over Tree Structures
L. Gou, X.L. Zhang
Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on 17(12), 2449--2458, IEEE, 2011

A systematic framework for the analysis of movement
Gennady Andrienko, Natalia Andrienko, Peter Bak, Daniel A Keim, Slava Kisilevich, Stefan Wrobel
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing (JVLC), 2011
(in review)

(in review)

Dynamic Network Visualization in 1.5D
Lei Shi, Chen Wang, Zhen Wen
PacificVis 2011 (conditionally accepted)

Dynamic network visualization in 1.5 D
Lei Shi, Chen Wang, Zhen Wen
Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis), 2011 IEEE, pp. 179--186

Enterprise blogging in a global context: comparing Chinese and American practices
Qinying Liao, Shimei Pan, Jennifer C Lai, Chang Yang
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work, pp. 35--44, ACM

doi

A dive into online community properties
P Wagstrom, J Martino, J von Kaenel, M Chetty, J Thomas, L Jones
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work, pp. 725--728, ACM

doi

2010

L1-Sparse reconstruction of sharp point set surfaces
Haim Avron, Andrei Sharf, Chen Greif, Daniel Cohen-Or
ACM Trans. Graph.29, 135:1--135:12, ACM, 2010
Abstract   Presented at SIGGRAPH'11.

We introduce an ÿ!1-sparse method for the reconstruction of a piecewise smooth point set surface. The technique is motivated by recent advancements in sparse signal reconstruction. The assumption underlying our work is that common objects, even geometrically complex ones, can typically be characterized by a rather small number of features. This, in turn, naturally lends itself to incorporating the powerful notion of sparsity into the model. The sparse reconstruction principle gives rise to a reconstructed point set surface that consists mainly of smooth modes, with the residual of the objective function strongly concentrated near sharp features. Our technique is capable of recovering orientation and positions of highly noisy point sets. The global nature of the optimization yields a sparse solution and avoids local minima. Using an interior-point log-barrier solver with a customized preconditioning scheme, the solver for the corresponding convex optimization problem is competitive and the results are of high quality.

doi  Presented at SIGGRAPH'11.

Ocean of Information: Fusing Aggregate & Individual Dynamics for Metropolitan Analysis
M Martino, F Calabrese, G DiLorenzo, C Andris, L Liu, C Ratti
International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pp. 357--360, 2010

Automated Visual Analysis Methods for an Effective Exploration of High-Dimensional Data
Andrada Tatu, Georgia Albuquerque, Martin Eisemann, Peter Bak, Holger Theisel, Marcus Magnor, Daniel A Keim
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), to appear, 2010
Abstract

Visual exploration of multivariate data typically requires projection onto lower-dimensional representations. The number of possible representations grows rapidly with the number of dimensions, and manual exploration quickly becomes ineffective or even unfeasible. This paper proposes automatic analysis methods to extract potentially relevant visual structures from a set of candidate visualizations. Based on features, the visualizations are ranked in accordance with a specified user task. The user is provided with a manageable number of potentially useful candidate visualizations, which can be used as a starting point for interactive data analysis. This can effectively ease the task of finding truly useful visualizations and potentially speed up the data exploration task. In this paper, we present ranking measures for class-based as well as non class-based scatterplots and parallel coordinates visualizations. The proposed analysis methods are evaluated on different datasets.

Visual Analytics of a Pandemic Spread
Peter Bak et al.
IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics in Science and Technology (VAST Challange 2009), 2010
Award: Thorough Description of Analytic Process

Award: Thorough Description of Analytic Process

Advanced visual analytics interfaces
Daniel A Keim, Peter Bak, Enrico Bertini, Daniela Oelke, David Spretke, Hartmut Ziegler
Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, pp. 3--10, The Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. (ACM), 2010
Abstract

Advanced visual interfaces, like the ones found in informa- tion visualization, intend to oer a view on abstract data spaces to enable users to make sense of them. By mapping data to visual representations and providing interactive tools to explore and navigate, it is possible to get an understand- ing of the data and possibly discover new knowledge. With the advent of modern data collection and analysis technolo- gies, the direct visualization of data starts to show its limita- tions due to limited scalability in terms of volumes and to the complexity of required analytical reasoning. Many analyti- cal problems we encounter today require approaches that go beyond pure analytics or pure visualization. Visual analytics provides an answer to this problems by advocating a tight integration between automatic computation and interactive visualization, proposing a more holistic approach. In this paper, we argue for Advanced Visual Analytics Interfaces (AVAIs), visual interfaces in which neither the analytics nor the visualization needs to be advanced in itself but where the synergy between automation and visualization is in fact advanced. We oer a detailed argumentation around the needs and challenges of AVAIs and provide several examples of this type of interfaces.

Visual analytics of urban environments using high-resolution geographic data
Peter Bak, Itzhak Omer, Tobias Schreck
Geospatial thinking, pp. 25--42, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010
Abstract

High-resolution urban data at house level are essential for understanding the relationship between objects of the urban built environment (e.g. streets, housing types, public resources and open spaces). However, it is rather difficult to analyze such data due to the huge amount of urban objects, their multidimensional character and the complex spatial relation between them. In this paper we propose a methodology for assessing the spatial relation between geo-referenced urban environmental variables, in order to identify typical or significant spatial configurations as well as to characterize their geographical distribution. Configuration in this sense refers to the unique combination of different urban environmental variables. We structure the analytic process by defining spatial configurations, multidimensional clustering of the individual configurations, and identifying emerging patterns of interesting configurations. This process is based on the tight combination of interactive visualization methods with automatic analysis techniques. We demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed methods and methodology in an application example on the relation between street network topology and distribution of land uses in a city.

doi

Analyzing Spatio-temporal Patterns of Mobile Phone Calls With Self-Organizing Maps
Gennady Andrienko, Natalia Andrienko, Peter Bak, Sebastian Bremm, Daniel A Keim, Tatiana Landesberger von, Christian Poelitz
Journal of Location Based Services (JLBS), 2010
Abstract

We suggest a visual analytics framework for the exploration and analysis of spatially and temporally referenced values of numeric attributes. The framework supports two complementary perspectives on spatio-temporal data: as a temporal sequence of spatial distributions of attribute values (called spatial situations) and as a set of spatially referenced time series of attribute values representing local temporal variations. To handle large amounts of data, we use the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) method, which groups objects and arranges them in a grid layout according to similarity of relevant data features. We apply the SOM approach to spatial situations and to local temporal variations and obtain two types of SOM outcomes, called space-in-time SOM and timein- space SOM, respectively. The examination and interpretation of both types of SOM outcomes are supported by appropriate visualization and interaction techniques. The focus of this paper is on describing the use of the tools by an example scenario of data analysis. We also discuss how the framework can be extended from supporting explorative analysis to building predictive models of the spatio-temporal variation of attribute values. We apply our approach to phone call data showing its usefulness in realworld analytic scenarios.

Space-in-Time and Time-in-Space Self-Organizing Maps for Exploring Spatiotemporal Patterns
Gennady Andrienko, Natalia Andrienko, Sebastian Bremm, Tobias Schreck, Tatiana Von Landesberger, Peter Bak, Daniel Keim
Computer Graphics Forum, pp. 913--922, Wiley Online Library, 2010

VisWorks Network and Text Visual Analytics
Weihong Qian, Furu Wei and Lei Shi
VAST Challenge 2010 Award Entry

Beautiful History: Visualizing Wikipedia
M Wattenberg, F Vi{'e}gas
Beautiful Visualization: Looking at Data Through the Eyes of Experts, 175, O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2010

The Art of Cheating When Drawing a Graph
M Wattenberg
Graph Drawing, pp. 2--2, 2010

Visual Content Correlation Analysis
Furu Wei, Lei Shi, Li Tan, Xiaohua Sun, Xiaoxiao Lian, Shixia Liu and Michelle Zhou
IUI Workshop, 2010

Understanding Text Corpora with Multiple Facets
Lei Shi, Furu Wei, Shixia Liu, Li Tan, Xiaoxiao Lian and Michelle Zhou
VAST, pp. 99--106, 2010

TIARA: A Visual Exploratory Text Analytic System
Furu Wei, Shixia Liu, Yangqiu Song, Shimie Pan, Michelle X. Zhou, Weihong Qian, Lei Shi, Li Tan, Qiang Zhang
Proceedings of KDD , pp. 153--162, ACM, 2010
Abstract

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a novel exploratory visual analytic system called TIARA (Text Insight via Automated Responsive Analytics), which combines text analytics and interactive visualization to help users explore and analyze large collections of text. Given a collection of documents, TIARA first uses topic analysis techniques to summarize the documents into a set of topics, each of which is represented by a set of keywords. In addition to extracting topics, TIARA derives time-sensitive keywords to depict the content evolution of each topic over time. To help users understand the topic-based summarization results, TIARA employs several interactive text visualization techniques to explain the summarization results and seamlessly link such results to the original text. We have applied TIARA to several real-world applications, including email summarization and patient record analysis. To measure the effectiveness of TIARA, we have conducted several experiments. Our experimental results and initial user feedback suggest that TIARA is effective in aiding users in their exploratory text analytic tasks.

doi

BELIV'10: beyond time and errors novel evaluation methods for information visualization
Enrico Bertini, Heidi Lam, Adam Perer
CHI EA '10: Proceedings of the 28th of the international conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 4441--4444, ACM, 2010
Abstract

Information visualization systems allow users to produce insights, innovations, and discoveries. Evaluating such tools is a challenging task. Current evaluation methods exhibit noticeable limitations and researchers in the area experience frustration with evaluation processes that are time consuming but often lead to unsatisfactory results. The goal of BELIV'10 is to provide a venue for researchers to report and discuss the latest innovations in this area.

doi

Supporting enterprise stakeholders in software projects
Clay Williams, Patrick Wagstrom, Kate Ehrlich, Dick Gabriel, Tim Klinger, Jacquelyn Martino, Peri Tarr
CHASE '10: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering, pp. 109--112, ACM
Abstract

Today, large enterprises create a significant body of commercially available software. As a result, the key stakeholders include not only those typically responsible for software development, but also stakeholders not typically involved in software engineering discussions. Current software development approaches ignore or poorly manage these enterprise level concerns. This hampers the ability to create connections among the stakeholders responsible for enterprise wide issues, the development team, and the artifacts with which they are concerned. In this paper we identify a set of propositions for coordination in enterprise software engineering environments and describe a preliminary framework to support such interactions.

doi

2009

Spatiotemporal analysis of sensor logs using growth ring maps
Peter Bak, Florian Mansmann, Halldor Janetzko, Daniel A Keim
Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on 15(6), 913--920, IEEE, 2009
Abstract

Spatiotemporal analysis of sensor logs is a challenging research field due to three facts: a) traditional two-dimensional maps do not support multiple events to occur at the same spatial location, b) three-dimensional solutions introduce ambiguity and are hard to navigate, and c) map distortions to solve the overlap problem are unfamiliar to most users. This paper introduces a novel approach to represent spatial data changing over time by plotting a number of non-overlapping pixels, close to the sensor positions in a map. Thereby, we encode the amount of time that a subject spent at a particular sensor to the number of plotted pixels. Color is used in a twofold manner; while distinct colors distinguish between sensor nodes in different regions, the colors’ intensity is used as an indicator to the temporal property of the subjects’ activity. The resulting visualization technique, called Growth Ring Maps, enables users to find similarities and extract patterns of interest in spatiotemporal data by using humans’ perceptual abilities. We demonstrate the newly introduced technique on a dataset that shows the behavior of healthy and Alzheimer transgenic, male and female mice. We motivate the new technique by showing that the temporal analysis based on hierarchical clustering and the spatial analysis based on transition matrices only reveal limited results. Results and findings are cross-validated using multidimensional scaling. While the focus of this paper is to apply our visualization for monitoring animal behavior, the technique is also applicable for analyzing data, such as packet tracing, geographic monitoring of sales development, or mobile phone capacity planning.

Integrative Visual Analytics for Suspicious Behavior Detection
Good Analytic Debrief, Peter Bak, Christian Rohrdantzt, Stefan Koch, Simon Butscher'i
Visual Analytics Science and Technology, 2009. VAST 2009. IEEE Symposium on, pp. 253--254
Abstract   Challenge Awards

In the VAST Challenge 2009 suspicious behavior had to be detected applying visual analytics to heterogeneous data, such as network traffic, social network enriched with geo-spatial attributes, and finally video surveillance data. This paper describes some of the awarded parts from our solution entry.

   Challenge Awards

Point, Talk, and Publish: Visualisation and the Web
J Heer, F B Vi{'e}gas, M Wattenberg, M Agrawala
Trends in Interactive Visualization, 1--15, Springer, 2009

Participatory visualization with Wordle
F B Vi{'e}gas, M Wattenberg, J Feinberg
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 1137--1144, Published by the IEEE Computer Society, 2009

Voyagers and voyeurs: Supporting asynchronous collaborative visualization
Jeffrey Heer, Fernanda B Vi'{e}gas, Martin Wattenberg
Commun. ACM52, 87--97, ACM, 2009
Abstract

ABSTRACT This article describes mechanisms for asynchronous collaboration in the context of information visualization, recasting visualizations as not just analytic tools, but social spaces. We contribute the design and implementation of sense.us, a Web site supporting asynchronous collaboration across a variety of visualization types. The site supports view sharing, discussion, graphical annotation, and social navigation and includes novel interaction elements. We report the results of user studies of the system, observing emergent patterns of social data analysis, including cycles of observation and hypothesis, and the complementary roles of social navigation and data-driven exploration.

doi

Transforming data access through public visualization
Fernanda B Vi'{e}gas, Martin Wattenberg
Proceedings of the 35th SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, pp. 3--4, ACM, 2009
Abstract

ABSTRACT Data visualization has historically been accessible only to the elite in academia, business, and government. It was "serious" technology, created by experts for experts. In recent years, however, web-based visualizations--ranging from political art projects to news stories--have reached audiences of millions. Meanwhile, new initiatives in government, aimed at all citizens, point to an era of increased transparency. What will this new era of data transparency look like--and what are the implications for technologists who work with data? To help answer this question, we report on recent research into public data analysis and visualization. Many of our results come from Many Eyes, a "living laboratory" web site where people may upload their own data, create interactive visualizations, and carry on conversations. Political discussions, citizen activism, religious discussions, game playing, and educational exchanges all happen on the site. To further support these scenarios, and the users they represent, will require continued innovation in data presentation and interaction.

doi

An intuitive model of perceptual grouping for HCI design
Ruth Rosenholtz, Nathaniel R Twarog, Nadja Schinkel-Bielefeld, Martin Wattenberg
Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 1331--1340, ACM, 2009
Abstract

ABSTRACT Understanding and exploiting the abilities of the human visual system is an important part of the design of usable user interfaces and information visualizations. Good design enables quick, easy and veridical perception of key components of that design. An important facet of human vision is its ability to seemingly effortlessly perform "perceptual organization; it transforms individual feature estimates into perception of coherent regions, structures, and objects. We perceive regions grouped by proximity and feature similarity, grouping of curves by good continuation, and grouping of regions of coherent texture. In this paper, we discuss a simple model for a broad range of perceptual grouping phenomena. It takes as input an arbitrary image, and returns a structure describing the predicted visual organization of the image. We demonstrate that this model can capture aspects of traditional design rules, and predicts visual percepts in classic perceptual grouping displays.

doi

Mapping text with phrase nets
F Van Ham, M Wattenberg, F B Vi{'e}gas
IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics, 1169--1176, Published by the IEEE Computer Society, 2009

HiMap: Adaptive Visualization of Large-Scale Online Social Networks
Lei Shi, Nan Cao, Shixia Liu, Li Tan, Jimeng Sun and Ching-Yung Lin
PacificVis 2009, pp. 41--48, IEEE

Analyzing (social media) networks with NodeXL
Marc Smith, Ben Shneiderman, Natasa Milic-Frayling, Eduarda Mendes Rodrigues, Vladimir Barash, Cody Dunne, Tony Capone, Adam Perer, Eric Gleave
C\&T '09: Proc. 4th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, pp. 255--264, ACM, 2009
Abstract

In this paper we present NodeXL, an extendible toolkit for network data analysis and visualization, implemented as an add-in to the Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheet software. We demonstrate NodeXL features through analysis of a data sample drawn from an enterprise intranet social network, discussion, and wiki. Through a sequence of steps we show how NodeXL leverages and extends the broadly used spreadsheet paradigm to support common operations in network analysis. This ranges from data import to computation of network statistics and refinement of network visualization through a selection of ready-to-use sorting, filtering, and clustering functions.

doi

Topic and keyword re-ranking for LDA-based topic modeling
Yangqiu Song, Shimei Pan, Shixia Liu, Michelle X Zhou, Weihong Qian
Proceeding of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management (CIKM), pp. 1757--1760, ACM, 2009

doi

2008

Languages and Performance Engineering: Method, Instrumentation, and Pedagogy
Doug Lea, David F. Bacon, David Grove
Proceedings of the 2008 SIGPLAN Workshop on Programming Language Curriculum, pp. 87--92, ACM
Abstract

Programs encounter increasingly complex and fragile mappings to computing platforms, resulting in performance characteristics that are often mysterious to students, practitioners, and even researchers. We discuss some steps toward an experimental methodology that demands and provides a deep understanding of complete systems, the necessary instrumentation and tools to support such a methodology, and a curriculum that teaches the methodology and tools as a fundamental part of the discipline.

doi

Stacked graphs--geometry \& aesthetics
L Byron, M Wattenberg
| IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 1245--1252, Published by the IEEE Computer Society, 2008

Social data analysis workshop
Fernanda B Vi'{e}gas, Martin Wattenberg, Jeffrey Heer, Maneesh Agrawala
CHI '08 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 3977--3980, ACM, 2008
Abstract

ABSTRACT This workshop addresses a new online phenomenon: social data analysis, that is, collective analysis of data supported by social interaction. The recent democratization of data sources on the Internet--from mandated publication of government-generated data to scientific repositories of experimental data sets--has enabled a new kind of web site where users upload and collaboratively analyze the most varied sorts of data. So far, most of these sites have relied on visualization as an intrinsic part of their analytical arsenal. The goals of this workshop are to: Bring together, for the first time, the social data analysis community Examine the design of social data analysis sites today Discuss the role that visualizations play in social data analysis Explore how users are utilizing the various sites that allow them to exchange data-based insights.

doi

Shakespeare, god, and lonely hearts: transforming data access with many eyes
Fernanda Vi'{e}gas, Martin Wattenberg
Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, pp. 145--146, ACM, 2008
Abstract

ABSTRACT Data visualization has historically been accessible only to the technological elite. It is, after all, "serious" technology done by experts for experts. But recent web-based visualizations - ranging from political art projects to news stories - have reached millions. Unfortunately, while lay users can view sophisticated visualizations, they have few ways to create them. In order to "democratize" visualization, we have built Many Eyes, a web site where people may upload their own data, create interactive visualizations, and carry on conversations. By making these tools available to anyone on the web, the site fosters a social style of data analysis that empowers users to engage with public data through discussion and collaboration. Political discussions, citizen activism, religious conversations, game playing, and educational exchanges are all happening on Many Eyes. The public nature of these visualizations provides users with a transformative path to information literacy.

doi

The word tree, an interactive visual concordance
M Wattenberg, F B Viegas
InfoVis, pp. 1221--1228, Published by the IEEE Computer Society, 2008

TIMELINES: Tag clouds and the case for vernacular visualization
Fernanda B Vi'{e}gas, Martin Wattenberg
interactions15, 49--52, ACM, 2008
Abstract

ABSTRACT Most HCI history articles trace digital developments back to the 1980s, 1960s, or earlier. Information visualization is moving so rapidly that it's great to have a look back and glance forward on tag clouds, just over a decade old in digital form, from leading visualization researchers Fernanda Viégas and Martin Wattenberg. ---Jonathan Grudin

doi

Integrating statistics and visualization: case studies of gaining clarity during exploratory data analysis
Adam Perer, Ben Shneiderman
Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 265--274, ACM, 2008
Abstract

Although both statistical methods and visualizations have been used by network analysts, exploratory data analysis remains a challenge. We propose that a tight integration of these technologies in an interactive exploratory tool could dramatically speed insight development. To test the power of this integrated approach, we created a novel social network analysis tool, SocialAction, and conducted four long-term case studies with domain experts, each working on unique data sets with unique problems. The structured replicated case studies show that the integrated approach in SocialAction led to significant discoveries by a political analyst, a bibliometrician, a healthcare consultant, and a counter-terrorism researcher. Our contributions demonstrate that the tight integration of statistics and visualizations improves exploratory data analysis, and that our evaluation methodology for long-term case studies captures the research strategies of data analysts.

doi

BELIV'08: Beyond time and errors: novel evaluation methods for information visualization
Enrico Bertini, Adam Perer, Catherine Plaisant, Giuseppe Santucci
CHI '08: CHI '08 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 3913--3916, ACM, 2008
Abstract

Information visualization systems allow users to produce insights, innovations and discoveries. Evaluating such tools is a challenging task and the goal of BELIV'08 is to make a step ahead in the comprehension of such a complex activity. Current evaluation methods exhibit noticeable limitations and researchers in the area experiment some frustration with evaluation processes that are time consuming and too often leading to unsatisfactory results. The most used evaluation metrics such as task time completion and number of errors appear insufficient to quantify the quality of an information visualization system; thus the name of the workshop: "beyond time and errors".

doi

2007

Object-oriented analysis and design with applications
G Booch, R Maksimchuk, M Engle, B Young, J Conallen, K Houston
2007 - portal.acm.org, Addison-Wesley Professional

Manyeyes: a site for visualization at internet scale
F B Viegas, M Wattenberg, F Van Ham, J Kriss, M McKeon
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13(6), 1121--1128, Published by the IEEE Computer Society, 2007

Artistic data visualization: Beyond visual analytics
FB Viegas, M Wattenberg
Online Communities and Social Computing, 182--191, Springer, 2007

Voyagers and voyeurs: supporting asynchronous collaborative information visualization
Jeffrey Heer, Fernanda B Vi'{e}gas, Martin Wattenberg
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 1029--1038, ACM, 2007
Abstract

ABSTRACT This paper describes mechanisms for asynchronous collaboration in the context of information visualization, recasting visualizations as not just analytic tools, but social spaces. We contribute the design and implementation of sense.us, a web site supporting asynchronous collaboration across a variety of visualization types. The site supports view sharing, discussion, graphical annotation, and social navigation and includes novel interaction elements. We report the results of user studies of the system, observing emergent patterns of social data analysis, including cycles of observation and hypothesis, and the complementary roles of social navigation and data-driven exploration.

doi

Visualizing activity on wikipedia with chromograms
M Wattenberg, FB Viegas, K Hollenbach
Human-Computer Interaction--INTERACT 2007, 272--287, Springer

Getting our head in the clouds: toward evaluation studies of tagclouds
AW Rivadeneira, D.M. Gruen, M.J. Muller, D.R. Millen
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 995--998, 2007

TuningFork: a Platform for Visualization and Analysis of Complex Real-Time Systems
David F. Bacon, Perry Cheng, David Grove
Companion to the 22nd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, pp. 854--855, ACM, 2007
Abstract

Debugging the timing behavior of real-time systems is notoriously difficult, and with a new generation of complex systems consisting of tens of millions of lines of code, the difficulty is increasing enormously. We have developed TuningFork, a tool especially designed for visualization and analysis of large-scale real-time systems. TuningFork is capable of recording high-frequency events at sub-microsecond resolution with minimal perturbation. Users can visualize system activity online in real-time and interactively explore the data. Data can be gathered from multiple layers and/or components and synthesized into visualizations that illuminate whole system interactions. Interactive exploration of hypothesis is naturally supported by direct manipulation to quickly build up complex visualizations.

doi

2006

On-Line Visualization and Analysis of Real-Time Systems with TuningFork (demonstration)
David F. Bacon, Perry Cheng, Daniel Frampton, David Grove, Matthias Hauswirth, V. T. Rajan
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Compiler Construction, pp. 96-100, Springer, 2006
Abstract

TuningFork is an online, scriptable data visualization and analysis tool that supports the development and continuous monitoring of real-time systems. While TuningFork was originally designed and tested for use with a particular real-time Java Virtual Machine, the architecture has been designed from the ground up for extensibility by leveraging the Eclipse plug-in architecture. This allows different client programs to design custom data formats, new visualization and analysis components, and new export formats. The TuningFork views allow the visualization of data from time scales of microseconds to minutes, enabling rapid understanding and analysis of system behavior.

doi

Avatar semantic search: a database approach to information retrieval
Eser Kandogan, Rajasekar Krishnamurthy, Sriram Raghavan, Shivakumar Vaithyanathan, Huaiyu Zhu
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, pp. 790--792

Designing for social data analysis
M Wattenberg, J Kriss
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 549--557, Published by the IEEE Computer Society, 2006

Communication-Minded Visualization: A Call to Action in Technical Forum
M Wattenberg
IBM Systems Journal, 801--812, 2006

Visual exploration of multivariate graphs
Martin Wattenberg
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems, pp. 811--819, ACM, 2006
Abstract

ABSTRACT This paper introduces PivotGraph, a software tool that uses a new technique for visualizing and analyzing graph structures. The technique is designed specifically for graphs that are "multivariate," i.e., where each node is associated with several attributes. Unlike visualizations which emphasize global graph topology, PivotGraph uses a simple grid-based approach to focus on the relationship between node attributes and connections. The interaction technique is derived from an analogy with methods seen in spreadsheet pivot tables and in online analytical processing (OLAP). Finally, several examples are presented in which PivotGraph was applied to real-world data sets.

doi

Communication-minded visualization: A call to action [Technical forum]
F B Viegas, M Wattenberg
IBM Systems Journal 45(4), 801--812, IBM, 2006

Demonstration: On-line visualization and analysis of real-time systems with TuningFork
David F Bacon, Perry Cheng, Daniel Frampton, David Grove, Matthias Hauswirth, VT Rajan
CC 2006 - 15th International Conference on Compiler Construction, pp. 96, Springer

Contrasting portraits of email practices: visual approaches to reflection and analysis
Adam Perer, Marc A Smith
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces, pp. 389--395, ACM, 2006
Abstract

Over time, many people accumulate extensive email repositories that contain detailed information about their personal communication patterns and relationships. We present three visualizations that capture hierarchical, correlational, and temporal patterns present in user's email repositories. These patterns are difficult to discover using traditional interfaces and are valuable for navigation and reflection on social relationships and communication history. We interviewed users with diverse email habits and found that they were able to interpret these images and could find interesting features that were not evident to them through their standard email interfaces. The images also capture a wide range of variation in email practices. These results suggest that information visualizations of personal communications have value for end-users and analysts alike.

doi

2005

Baby names, visualization, and social data analysis
M Wattenberg
2005 - computer.org, IEEE Computer Society

A note on space-filling visualizations and space-filling curves
M Wattenberg
2005 - computer.org, IEEE Computer Society

E-mail research: Targeting the enterprise
M. Wattenberg, S.L. Rohall, D. Gruen, B. Kerr
Human--Computer Interaction 20(1-2), 139--162, Taylor \& Francis, 2005

doi

Two-way adaptation for robust input interpretation in practical multimodal conversation systems
Shimei Pan, Siwei Shen, Michelle X Zhou, Keith Houck
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, pp. 35--42, ACM, 2005

doi

High-Level Real-Time Programming in Java
David F. Bacon, Perry Cheng, David Grove, Michael Hind, V. T. Rajan, Eran Yahav, Matthias Hauswirth, Christoph M. Kirsch, Daniel Spoonhower, Martin T. Vechev
Proceedings of the Fifth ACM International Conference on Embedded Software, pp. 68--78, ACM, 2005
Abstract   (slides)

Real-time systems have reached a level of complexity beyond the scaling capability of the low-level or restricted languages traditionally used for real-time programming.While Metronome garbage collection has made it practical to use Java to implement real-time systems, many challenges remain for the construction of complex real-time systems, some specific to the use of Java and others simply due to the change in scale of such systems.The goal of our current research is the creation of a comprehensive Java-based programming environment and methodology for the creation of complex real-time systems. Our goals include construction of a provably correct real-time garbage collector capable of providing worst case latencies of 100 us, capable of scaling from sensor nodes up to large multiprocessors; specialized programming constructs that retain the safety and simplicity of Java, and yet provide sub-microsecond latencies; the extension of Java's ``write once, run anywhere'' principle from functional correctness to timing behavior; on-line analysis and visualization that aids in the understanding of complex behaviors; and a principled probabilistic analysis methodology for bounding the behavior of the resulting systems.While much remains to be done, this paper describes the progress we have made towards these goals.

doi  (slides)

2004

Flash forums and forumReader: navigating a new kind of large-scale online discussion
Kushal Dave, Martin Wattenberg, Michael Muller
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work, pp. 232--241, ACM
Abstract

ABSTRACT We describe a popular kind of large, topic-centered, transient discussion, which we term a <i>flash forum</i>. These occur in settings ranging from web-based bulletin boards to corporate intranets, and they display a conversational style distinct from Usenet and other online discussion. Notably, authorship is more diffuse, and threads are less deep and distinct. To help orient users and guide them to areas of interest within flash forums, we designed ForumReader, a tool combining data visualization with automatic topic extraction. We describe lessons learned from deployment to thousands of users in a real world setting. We also report a laboratory experiment to investigate how interface components affect behavior, comprehension, and information retrieval. The ForumReader interface is well-liked by users, and our results suggest it can lead to new navigation patterns. We also find that, while both visualization and text analytics are helpful individually, combining them may be counterproductive.

doi

Glimpsing the future: The research behind IBM Lotus products
I Greif, M Wattenberg
Retrieved July24, 2004

Designing remail: reinventing the email client through innovation and integration
B Kerr, E Wilcox
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2004 - portal.acm.org

Lessons from the reMail prototypes
D. Gruen, S.L. Rohall, S. Minassian, B. Kerr, P. Moody, B. Stachel, M. Wattenberg, E. Wilcox
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work, pp. 152--161, ACM

doi

ReMail: a reinvented email prototype
S.L. Rohall, D. Gruen, P. Moody, M. Wattenberg, M. Stern, B. Kerr, B. Stachel, K. Dave, R. Armes, E. Wilcox
CHI'04 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 791--792, 2004

2003

A multi-scale model of perceptual organization in information graphics
M Wattenberg, D Fisher
InfoVis 2003

A mobile user interface for threading, marking, and previewing email
L.T. Cheng, D. Gruen
Collaborative User Experience Group, IBM TJ Watson Research Center, Cambridge, MA2142, 2003

Conversation thumbnails for large-scale discussions
Martin Wattenberg, David Millen
CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 742--743, ACM, 2003
Abstract

ABSTRACT We present a new interface for large-scale online conversations. Our technique, the Conversation Thumbnail, differs from existing discussion interfaces in two respects. First, it employs a focus+context visualization technique that exploits message-level metadata to provide an easily navigable overview of a discussion. Second, it helps reduce conversational redundancy and improve coherence via a fast automatic search mechanism that highlights related messages during message composition. The Conversation Thumbnail Viewer is currently implemented as a Java applet that can be applied to a variety of discussion data sources.

doi

2002

Arc diagrams: Visualizing structure in strings
M Wattenberg
Information Visualization, 2002, pp. 110--116

Ordered and quantum treemaps: Making effective use of 2D space to display hierarchies
Benjamin B Bederson, Ben Shneiderman, Martin Wattenberg
ACM Trans. Graph.21, 833--854, ACM, 2002
Abstract

ABSTRACT Treemaps, a space-filling method for visualizing large hierarchical data sets, are receiving increasing attention. Several algorithms have been previously proposed to create more useful displays by controlling the aspect ratios of the rectangles that make up a treemap. While these algorithms do improve visibility of small items in a single layout, they introduce instability over time in the display of dynamically changing data, fail to preserve order of the underlying data, and create layouts that are difficult to visually search. In addition, continuous treemap algorithms are not suitable for displaying fixed-sized objects within them, such as images.This paper introduces a new "strip" treemap algorithm which addresses these shortcomings, and analyzes other "pivot" algorithms we recently developed showing the trade-offs between them. These ordered treemap algorithms ensure that items near each other in the given order will be near each other in the treemap layout. Using experimental evidence from Monte Carlo trials and from actual stock market data, we show that, compared to other layout algorithms, ordered treemaps are more stable, while maintaining relatively favorable aspect ratios of the constituent rectangles. A user study with 20 participants clarifies the human performance benefits of the new algorithms. Finally, we present quantum treemap algorithms, which modify the layout of the continuous treemap algorithms to generate rectangles that are integral multiples of an input object size. The quantum treemap algorithm has been applied to PhotoMesa, an application that supports browsing of large numbers of images.

doi

Method and system for informing users of subjects of discussion in on-line chats
D.M. Gruen, M.A. Sheldon, S. Vaithaynathan
US Patent App. 10/100,491

The use of stories in user experience design
D. Gruen, T. Rauch, S. Redpath, S. Ruettinger
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 14(3-4), 503--534, Taylor \& Francis, 2002

2001

Mapping, modeling, and visual exploration of structure-function relationships in the heart
R L Winslow, D F Scollan, J L Greenstein, C K Yung, W Baumgartner, G Bhanot, D L Gresh, B E Rogowitz
IBM systems journal 40(2), 342--359, Armonk, NY: International Business Machines Corp., 2001

Email visualizations to aid communications
S.L. Rohall, D. Gruen, P. Moody, S. Kellerman
Proceedings of InfoVis 2001 The IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, IEEE, pp. 12--15

2000

Beyond scenarios: The role of storytelling in CSCW design
D. Gruen
Computer Supported Cooperative Work Conference, 2000

Stories and storytelling in the design of interactive systems
D. Gruen
Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques, pp. 446--447, 2000

1999

A collaborative assistant for email
D. Gruen, C. Sidner, C. Boettner, C. Rich
CHI'99 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 196--197, 1999

1998

Pagers, Pilots, and Prairie Dog: Recent Work with Mobile Devices at Lotus Research
K Ayad, M Day, S Foley, D Gruen, S Rohall, Q …
Proceedings of the Workshop at CSCW, 1998

Year Unknown

Historyflow: visualizing dynamic, evolving documents and the interactions of multiple collaborating authors, A preliminary report
M Wattenberg, F B Vi{'e}gas
IBM Research, Collaborative User Experience research group, 0

VisWorks text and network visual analytics: VAST 2010 Mini Challenge 1 award:“Effective interactive visualization of document contents”
L Shi, W Qian, F Wei, L Tan
Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST), 2010 IEEE Symposium on, pp. 269--270