Machine Organization
In the 1960s IBM pulled away from other computer companies in part because we designed multiple machines with different machine organizations and price and performance points, all of which implemented the same instruction set, i.e. interface to the programmer. This common instruction set enabled customers to preserve their software investment even when they bought a new machine. Indeed, IBM has invented many of the most important concepts in how machines are organized today, from the way memory is stored, to caches, to dynamic reordering of instruction execution to the tools we use to design new machines to meet today's computing challenges.
- 1952: IBM 701 + Symbolic Assembler
- 1954: NORC - Fastest Vacuum Tube Computer Ever Built
- 1956: RAMAC: First Disk Drive with Movable Head and Random Access
- 1957: First Transistor Calculator
- 1957: First Personal Computer
- 1961: ACS Scientific Computer
- 1964: Uniform Instruction Set Architecture
- 1966: Optimal Replacement in Caching Systems
- 1967: Out of Order Execution of Computer Instructions
- 1968: Cache
- 1974: RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computer
- 1974: Logic Synthesis
- 1975: 5100 Portable Computer
- 1982: RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
- 1994: Cluster of Computers Appear as a Single Host on a Network
- 1995: Using Constraint Satisfaction for Test Generation
- 1996: Formal Verification
- 1996: DAISY - Efficient Execution of Code for one Processor Type on Another
- 1998: In-Memory Compression
- 2003: ARC - Adaptive Replacement Cache for Storage Systems
- 2004: Statistical Timing Analysis
- 2004: BlueGene Energy Efficient Supercomputing
- 2006: Secure Blue - Secure CPU Technology
- 2006: Large Block Synthesis
- 2008: Cooling 3D Chips
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