Machine Organization       


In the 1960s IBM pulled away from other computer companies in part because we designed multiple machines with different machine organizations and price and performance points, all of which implemented the same instruction set, i.e. interface to the programmer. This common instruction set enabled customers to preserve their software investment even when they bought a new machine. Indeed, IBM has invented many of the most important concepts in how machines are organized today, from the way memory is stored, to caches, to dynamic reordering of instruction execution to the tools we use to design new machines to meet today's computing challenges.

 

  1. 1952:  IBM 701 + Symbolic Assembler
  2. 1954:  NORC - Fastest Vacuum Tube Computer Ever Built
  3. 1956:  RAMAC: First Disk Drive with Movable Head and Random Access
  4. 1957:  First Transistor Calculator
  5. 1957:  First Personal Computer
  6. 1961:  ACS Scientific Computer
  7. 1964:  Uniform Instruction Set Architecture
  8. 1966:  Optimal Replacement in Caching Systems
  9. 1967:  Out of Order Execution of Computer Instructions
  10. 1968:  Cache
  11. 1974:  RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computer
  12. 1974:  Logic Synthesis
  13. 1975:  5100 Portable Computer
  14. 1982:  RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
  15. 1994:  Cluster of Computers Appear as a Single Host on a Network
  16. 1995:  Using Constraint Satisfaction for Test Generation
  17. 1996:  Formal Verification
  18. 1996:  DAISY - Efficient Execution of Code for one Processor Type on Another
  19. 1998:  In-Memory Compression
  20. 2003:  ARC - Adaptive Replacement Cache for Storage Systems
  21. 2004:  Statistical Timing Analysis
  22. 2004:  BlueGene Energy Efficient Supercomputing
  23. 2006:  Secure Blue - Secure CPU Technology
  24. 2006:  Large Block Synthesis
  25. 2008:  Cooling 3D Chips

 

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